| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction During the contemporary history of Iran and especially during the second Pahlavi period, Iran's foreign relations with neighboring countries and European countries entered a sensitive and influential period. Considering the special position of Iran at this time and the creation of various global and international organizations and institutions, Iran tried to strengthen its position among different countries by establishing friendly and good relations with other countries by emphasizing the importance of international relations. Egypt and Lebanon were among the countries with which the officials of Iran's diplomatic system were trying to establish more friendly relations while maintaining diplomatic relations with them, considering the importance of each of them in the sphere of global politics. On the one hand, Iran and Egypt had a special position in the Middle East, which constituted the main powers of the region; On the other hand, the position of each of these two countries in its territory was of special importance. Iran had an effective geopolitical role in the Persian Gulf, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, and Egypt was considered an important power in the Arab world as well as North Africa. Lebanon had a less influential position, but due to its special strategic conditions, the Pahlavi government was willing to establish friendly relations with this country. Ali Dashti, one of the famous Iranian politicians and writers, had the experience of the embassy in both countries and made many efforts to strengthen diplomatic relations with the two countries of Egypt and Lebanon in his political record. Methodology Ali Dashti was a famous journalist, politician, and writer of the Pahlavi period who played a role in various political and cultural sectors both during the period of Reza Shah and during the period of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He came from a spiritual and respectable family from Bushehr, who, at the end of the Qajar period, when he was young, and after leaving for the cities of Karbala, Shiraz, the plains region, and the regions of Dashtestan and Tangestan, he went to Shiraz and then to Isfahan and Tehran. When he was in Isfahan, he wrote an article in opposition to the 1919 agreement and in Dham Wathuq al-Dawlah, which attracted the attention of politicians. In addition, he started publishing a newspaper called "Shafaq Sorekh", which had a good start. However, due to the articles printed in the newspaper, he was imprisoned several times. Dashti was fluent in French and Arabic. He also translated and published several works in Farsi. He also authored several volumes of books in the field of Persian literature and history. In 1327, despite the existence of many opponents among statesmen, with the vote of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, he was appointed to the embassy of the imperial government of Iran in Cairo and Beirut. His tenure at the Egyptian and Lebanese embassies led to more connections in political, cultural, scientific, and artistic fields. As mentioned, Ali Dashti, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the position of Iran's ambassador in Egypt and Lebanon, completed an important mission period, which the present study aims to answer the question of Ali Dashti's embassy in Beirut and examine his performance. What effect did Cairo have on Iran's relations with the two countries of Lebanon and Egypt, and what was its image among the countries of its mission? The research method of this article is based on historical analysis with a descriptive method, which was prepared and compiled by relying on the existing archival documents, both from the National Archives of Iran and the Diplomatic History and Documents Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Result and Discussion The result of this research shows the fact that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, after coming to power, made a lot of efforts to make his diplomatic relations with the countries of the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, parallel to European countries, stronger and stronger. With the aim that in this way it can strengthening and prove its position both in the region and in the world. Following this, he strengthened political and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries and the Middle East region. Among these countries were Lebanon and Egypt. Egypt had a special place among Arab and African countries. In this sense, the Shah sent an elite and prominent ambassador to Cairo and Beirut to strengthen his foreign relations, and one of these ambassadors was Ali Dashti. During his embassy in Cairo, Ali Dashti made a lot of efforts to make the relations between Iran and Egypt better and more peaceful. To some extent, he was able to strengthen Iran's cultural, scientific, and political relations with Egypt. He also made great efforts in Beirut, and despite many ups and downs and events that made Iran's relations with Beirut and Cairo cold, he made great progress in this work. He succeeded by establishing diplomatic relations, either at the level of the political leaders of these three countries, and whether the use of cultural interactions with reference groups, such as writers, clerics, and basically, will cause effective openings in the relations between the two countries of Egypt and Lebanon with Iran. Life in the plains was long, adventurous, and full of challenging ideas. Dashti witnessed seven decades of turbulent developments in Iran's contemporary history and was considered one of the main players in those events. He played a role in consolidating the authority of two kings, Reza Shah and his son Mohammad Reza. As long as he was Iran's representative and ambassador in Egypt and Lebanon, Ali Dashti did valuable work to strengthen diplomatic relations and cultural and social relations between Iran and these two countries, but he acted in a dual policy and policy. As a result, during the last term of his embassy, his relations with the king and the court became so strained that he was removed from the position of Ambassador of Iran. Finally, due to his harsh temperament, he was more or less isolated during the period of stability of the Shah, and after the fall of the Pahlavi regime, he wrote the harshest criticisms on the individual behavior and governance of the father and son. Conclusions Ali Dashti's life was long, adventurous, and with challenging opinions. Dashti had witnessed seven decades of turbulent developments in Iran's contemporary history and he was considered one of the main players in those events. He played a significant role in consolidating the power of two kings, Reza Shah and his son, Mohammad Reza. As long as she was Iran's representative and ambassador in Egypt and Lebanon, Ali Dashti did valuable work to strengthen diplomatic relations and cultural and social relations between Iran and these two countries. Still, she acted in a dual policy and political approach. As a result, during the last term of his embassy, his relations with the king and the court became so dark that he was excluded from the position of Ambassador of Iran. Finally, his harsh temperament made him more or less isolated during the Shah's stability period. After the fall of the Pahlavi regime, he wrote the harshest criticisms about individual behavior and his father's and son's governance style. |